First reported case of Trichomonas gallinae infection in red-breasted toucan (Ramphastos dicolorus).

This study reports the infection and diagnosis of the protozoan morphologic complex Trichomonas gallinae in a baby red-breasted toucan (Ramphastos dicolorus). Nodular lesions on the soft palate and edema in the oral cavity were observed macroscopically. Microscopically, a granuloma with multiple layers of necrosis interspersed with inflammatory polymorphonuclear infiltrates was observed. Parasitism was confirmed by parasitological diagnosis, isolation of the flagellates in culture medium, and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) using 5.8S ribosomal RNA (rRNA). Flanking internal transcribed spacer (ITS) gene regions were amplified by polymerase chain reaction, and the sequences were analyzed phylogenetically using MEGA 11 software. Phylogenetic analysis based on ITS1/5.8S rRNA/ITS2 sequences demonstrated high nucleotide identity with two Trichomonas sequences available in GenBank, which were more closely related to T. vaginalis (99%) than to T. gallinae (98%). In addition to being potential transmitters of this protozoan, rigorous monitoring of infectious and parasitic diseases in wild bird populations is essential for their preservation. The forms of transmission of Trichomonas sp. favor the occurrence of the disease in many non-Columbiformes species, which is essential for the monitoring of this disease in wild birds.

Effect of an online Workplace Vocal Health and Low Stress Levels Promotion Program implemented in a Colombian university during COVID-19 pandemic.

PURPOSE: To determine the effect of an online Workplace Vocal Health and Low Stress Levels (WVHLS) Promotion Program implemented in a Colombian university during COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: This research was a quasi-experimental study. Twenty-nine professors participated in this study within two groups: (1) intervention group (n=17) or (2) non-intervention group (n=12). Participants in the intervention group took part in four virtual sessions about how to improve vocal health and strategies to reduce stress levels during their homeworking and online classes. Teachers filled in a questionnaire including questions about working conditions, work-related stress, and the voice functioning (including the Vocal Fatigue Index-VFI). They also recorded a voice sample of a sustained vowel on two separate occasions (before and after the follow-up). RESULTS: At the end of the follow-up, there was a tendency to reduce Factor 1 of VFI in the intervention group. Although, all participants had a longer MPT at the end of the study compared with the baseline measures, males in the intervention group had longer MPT compared with other participants. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest a positive effect of a WVHLS promotion program on reducing vocal fatigue perception measured by means of the Vocal Fatigue Index and improving coordination and control of breathing speech measured MPT. These changes at the end of the follow-up may indicate that holistic programs that include voice care recommendations, breathing exercises, vocal warm-up, cold-down and laryngeal relaxation vocal exercises, and stress management may be beneficial for reducing work-related stress and voice symptoms among professors.

Anticoagulation strategies in COVID-19 infected patients receiving ECMO support.

BACKGROUND: Hospitalized COVID-19 patients with hypoxemic respiratory failure may deteriorate despite invasive mechanical ventilation and thus require extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support. Unfractionated heparin (UFH) is the antithrombotic of choice, however, bivalirudin may offer more predictable pharmacokinetics resulting in consistent anticoagulant effects with lower bleeding and thrombotic occurrences. The aim of this study was to evaluate efficacy and safety outcomes in patients undergoing venovenous (VV) ECMO receiving bivalirudin or UFH-based anticoagulation. METHODS: This retrospective, single-center, observational cohort study included patients with confirmed COVID-19 infection requiring VV ECMO support receiving anticoagulation with UFH or bivalirudin. Primary endpoints were time to reach therapeutic aPTT, percent time spent in aPTT range, and the occurrence of thrombotic events over the entire course of ECMO support. Secondary endpoints included the incidence of major/minor bleeding, the ability to wean off ECMO support, in-hospital mortality, and length of stay. RESULTS: Twenty-two patients were included in the study (n = 10 UFH, n = 12 bivalirudin). Time to therapeutic aPTT was achieved faster with UFH (10 h vs. 20 h). The percentage time spent within the goal aPTT range was similar between UFH and bivalirudin (50% vs. 52%). Thrombotic events were significantly higher in the UFH group (40% DVT, 40% PE, 80% oxygenator thrombus in ECMO machine, 10% ischemic stroke) versus bivalirudin (8% DVT, 17% PE, 33% oxygenator thrombus, no ischemic strokes) (CI 95%, p = 0.04). The overall bleeding incidence was higher in the UFH arm (90% vs. 75%). The mortality rate was 90% in the UFH group and 58% in the bivalirudin group. The length of stay was similar between the two study arms. CONCLUSION: In hospitalized patients with COVID-19-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) on VV ECMO support, the use of bivalirudin showed to be a viable anticoagulation alternative in terms of efficacy compared to UFH and resulted in a favorable safety profile with lower rates of bleeding and thrombotic events.

Understanding the Experiences of Family Caregivers of Nursing Home Residents with Dementia: A Grounded Theory Study.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Alzheimer's disease and related-dementias progress over time and result in cognitive decline, loss of independence, and behavioral and psychiatric symptoms of dementia (BPSD) that can lead to nursing home placement. Research has focused on examining the effects of nursing home placement on the family caregiver; however, their experiences are less understood. We sought to investigate the experiences and perceptions of family caregivers of nursing home residents with dementia. The objective was to create a conceptual model that explains the complex nature of family caregiver experience. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: This study is part of a larger randomized controlled trial. Following a grounded theory approach, we completed 30 in-depth, one-on-one interviews with family caregivers of nursing home residents with dementia. Data analysis followed an iterative process that employed open, axial, and selective coding. RESULTS: Our conceptual model depicts the interrelationship between contributing factors that interrelate and impact family caregiver satisfaction with nursing home care. Six factors contribute to family caregiver satisfaction: family caregiver interactions with nursing home staff; staff management of resident behavioral symptoms; nursing home context; family caregiver knowledge of dementias; family caregiver strain; and the resident experience. DISCUSSION AND IMPLICATIONS: Our findings revealed family caregiver experiences that are unique to the institutional nursing home setting and not reflected in prior work focusing on experiences within community-based settings.Understanding family caregiver experiences and the contributors to how satisfaction in care is perceived, may foster collaboration and teamwork among families and staff.

Evaluating non-pharmacological approaches to nursing home dementia care: A protocol.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has underscored the daily challenges nursing home (NH) staff face caring for the residents living with Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias (ADRD). Non-pharmacological approaches are prioritized over off-label medication to manage the behavioral and psychological symptoms of ADRD. Yet, it is not clear how to best equip NH staff and families with the knowledge and strategies needed to provide non-pharmacological approaches to these residents. Methods: This clustered randomized trial will compare team- and problem-based approaches to non-pharmacological ADRD care. The team-based approach includes core training for all NH staff using a common language and strategies to support continuity and sustainability. The problem-based approach capitalizes on the expertise of the professional healthcare providers to target issues that arise. A convergent mixed methods design will be used to examine (a) comparative effectiveness of the two approaches on long-term NH resident outcomes and (b) whether either approach is protective against the negative consequences of COVID-19. The primary outcome is the percentage of ADRD residents with off-label antipsychotic medication use, which will be evaluated with an intent-to-treat approach. Staff and family caregiver perspectives will be explored using a multiple case study approach. Conclusion: This trial will be the first-ever evaluation of team- and problem-based approaches to ADRD care across multiple NHs and geographic regions. Results can provide health system leaders and policymakers with evidence on how to optimize ADRD training for staff in an effort to enhance ADRD care delivery.

Comparison of Pediatric Patients With and Without Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome Associated With COVID-19: Retrospective Cohort From Ecuador.

BACKGROUND: Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) has been associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection in the pediatric population cared for in the pediatric intensive care unit. We aimed to compare patients with pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome (PARDS) with those who also present a MIS-C diagnosis (PARDS vs. PARDS + MIS-C). METHODS: One hundred and sixty-seven children (0-15 years) admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit COVID-19 ward of a national reference children's hospital in Quito, Ecuador, from June 2020 to June 2021 who developed PARDS with or without MIS-C. To diagnose PARDS, the criteria of the Pediatric Acute Lung Injury Consensus Conference Group were used, and to diagnose MIS-C, the criteria of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention were used. Additionally, the PRISM score was used to calculate the mortality risk of study patients on admission. RESULTS: Of the 167 patients with PARDS, ~59% also developed MIS-C. Patients with PARDS + MIS-C had higher risks than patients without MIS-C in the following: frequency of associated bacterial infections (81.6% vs. 55.1%), mortality risk (36.7% vs. 11.6%), use of respiratory support (invasive mechanical ventilation: 92% vs. 86%), use of vasopressors/inotropes (90.8% vs. 30.4%), renal complications (36.7% vs. 8.7%), septic shock (84.7% vs. 20.3%), multiorgan failure (39.8% vs. 1.4%) and mortality at discharge (39.8% vs. 4.3%). Logistic regression failed to find an association between MIS-C and age, race, sex, ≥3 signs/symptoms and ≥2 comorbidities. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with PARDS + MIS-C had a more severe clinical picture than patients without MIS-C. The findings provide useful information to improve the management of PARDS patients with and without MIS-C in Ecuador.

Effect of an online Workplace Vocal Health and Low Stress Levels Promotion Program implemented in a Colombian university during COVID-19 pandemic / Efeito de um programa online de promoção de saúde vocal no local de trabalho e de baixos níveis de estresse implementado em uma universidade colombiana durante a pandemia do COVID-19

ABSTRACT Purpose To determine the effect of an online Workplace Vocal Health and Low Stress Levels (WVHLS) Promotion Program implemented in a Colombian university during COVID-19 pandemic. Methods This research was a quasi-experimental study. Twenty-nine professors participated in this study within two groups: (1) intervention group (n=17) or (2) non-intervention group (n=12). Participants in the intervention group took part in four virtual sessions about how to improve vocal health and strategies to reduce stress levels during their homeworking and online classes. Teachers filled in a questionnaire including questions about working conditions, work-related stress, and the voice functioning (including the Vocal Fatigue Index-VFI). They also recorded a voice sample of a sustained vowel on two separate occasions (before and after the follow-up). Results At the end of the follow-up, there was a tendency to reduce Factor 1 of VFI in the intervention group. Although, all participants had a longer MPT at the end of the study compared with the baseline measures, males in the intervention group had longer MPT compared with other participants. Conclusion Our results suggest a positive effect of a WVHLS promotion program on reducing vocal fatigue perception measured by means of the Vocal Fatigue Index and improving coordination and control of breathing speech measured MPT. These changes at the end of the follow-up may indicate that holistic programs that include voice care recommendations, breathing exercises, vocal warm-up, cold-down and laryngeal relaxation vocal exercises, and stress management may be beneficial for reducing work-related stress and voice symptoms among professors.

RESUMO Objetivo Determinar o efeito de um programa online de saúde vocal no local de trabalho e de redução dos níveis de estresse (SVLTRNE, ou por sua sigla em inglês, WVHLS - Workplace Vocal Health and Low Stress Levels), implementado em uma universidade colombiana durante a pandemia da COVID-19. Método O desenho do estudo foi quase experimental, com a participação de vinte e nove professores, separados em dois grupos: grupo intervenção (n=17) e grupo controle (n=12). Os participantes do grupo de intervenção participaram de quatro sessões virtuais que abordaram como melhorar a saúde vocal e as estratégias para reduzir os níveis de estresse durante o trabalho. Os professores preencheram um questionário que incluía questões sobre condições de trabalho, estresse relacionado ao trabalho e índice de fadiga vocal (IFV). Também foi gravada uma amostra de voz com uma vogal sustentada, em duas ocasiões diferentes (antes e depois da intervenção). Resultados No final desse estudo, foi observada uma tendência à redução do Fator 1 do IFV no grupo intervenção. Embora todos os participantes tivessem um TMF mais longo no final do estudo em comparação com as medidas basais, os homens do grupo de intervenção tiveram TMF mais longo em comparação com outros participantes. Conclusão Os resultados deste estudo sugerem um efeito positivo do programa de promoção WVHLS na redução da percepção de fadiga vocal e na melhora da coordenação e controle da coordenação pneumofônica, medidos com o IFV e TMF. Essas mudanças, observadas ao final do estudo, podem indicar que programas holísticos que incluem recomendações de cuidados com a voz, exercícios respiratórios, exercícios vocais de aquecimento e resfriamento, exercícios vocais de relaxamento laríngeo e controle do estresse podem ser benéficos para reduzir o estresse relacionado ao trabalho e sintomas vocais em professores.

Temporal-Spatial Distribution of Vibrio cholerae in Cuba: July 1997-December 2019.

INTRODUCTION: Vibrio cholerae is a microorganism that causes acute diarrheal diseases and cholera, one of the leading causes of global morbidity and mortality, especially in children under five years old. It is present in many regions and has been isolated from diverse sources such as water, soil and food. Surveillance of this microorganism in Cuba from 1985 through June 1997 showed circulation of non-epidemic non-O1/non-O139 serogroups, but surveillance continued to identify distribution of V. cholerae serotypes and serogroups in the different geographic regions of the country during the following years, due to the risk of introducing cholera-causing serogroups that provoked cholera epidemics in other countries of the region. OBJECTIVE: Describe the temporal‒spatial distribution of serogroups and serotypes of V. cholerae in Cuba. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted that included isolates from passive surveillance of V. cholerae in 16 hygiene and epidemiology centers throughout Cuba from July 1997 through December 2019, submitted to the National Reference Laboratory for Acute Diarrheal Diseases of the Pedro Kourí Tropical Medicine Institute in Havana, Cuba. The timeline was subdivided into three five-year periods and one eight-year period. The centers submitting isolates were grouped into three geographical regions: western, central and eastern Cuba. A total of 1060 V. cholerae isolates were studied, from the 1438 samples sent from 15 Provincial Hygiene, Epidemiology and Microbiology Centers and the Municipal Hygiene, Epidemiology and Microbiology Center of the Isle of Youth Special Municipality. Genus, species and serotype of all specimens were studied and reviewed in the context of the outbreaks of acute diarrheal diseases reported in the country. RESULTS: All 1060 isolates were confirmed as V. cholerae. In the distribution by time period and region, the highest percentage occurred in the 2012‒2019 period, and the eastern region contributed the most isolates in all periods. Approximately 63.9% (677/1060) were from outbreaks, and in the 2012‒2019 period, the most epidemic-causing isolates came from the western region. Approximately 52.8% (560/1060) were identified as non-O1/non-O139 V. cholerae, and 47.2% (500/1060) as O1 V. cholerae; of these, 96.4% (482/500) corresponded to Ogawa serotype and 3.6% (18/500) to Inaba. Circulation of non-O1/non-O139 V. cholerae occurred throughout the entire period. The O1 serogroup began to circulate in 2012 and continued through 2016; however, since 2017, it has not been identified again. In the western region, there were smaller percentages of isolates of non-O1/non-O139 V. cholerae in all periods, except 2012‒2019. In that period, V. cholerae O1 was identified to a lesser degree in the central region. CONCLUSIONS: Vibrio cholerae circulated in all three Cuban regions during the years studied, with a higher percentage of isolates of the non-O1/non-O139 serogroup, which caused outbreaks or sporadic cases of diarrhea in the eastern region, with the exception of the 2012‒2019 period, when epidemic outbreaks of the O1 serogroup (which causes cholera) occurred in all three regions, with higher percentages in the western region.

Incidence of Venous Thromboembolism in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients Receiving Thromboprophylaxis.

Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between anticoagulant dosing intensity in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infected patients and its outcomes on venous thromboembolism (VTE) and all-cause mortality. Methods: This is a retrospective observational study that examined different anticoagulation regimens among COVID-19 patients for prophylaxis of VTE. Primary outcomes of the study were VTE incidence and all-cause mortality for patients receiving prophylaxis-intensity (PPX) and therapeutic-intensity (TX) anticoagulation. Secondary outcomes were incidence of hemorrhagic events and hospital length of stay. Patients were matched (1:1) based on age and Charlson comorbidity score. Sub-group analyses evaluated outcomes within critically ill patients, between specific anticoagulant agents and comorbid conditions. Results: The primary outcome of VTE occurred in six patients within the prophylactic dose group and eight patients in the therapeutic-intensity dose group (risk ratio (RR): 2.02 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.7 - 5.2); P = 0.2). Bleeding occurred in 15 (11%) patients in the prophylactic group and 27 (19%) patients in the therapeutic group (RR: 0.5 (95% CI: 0.3 - 1.0); P < 0.049). Hospital length of stay was shorter by 4 days in those treated with prophylactic-intensity anticoagulation (P = 0.003). Intensive care unit admission and ventilation were negatively correlated with mortality in a multivariate analysis. Conclusions: Among hospitalized COVID-19 patients, the use of therapeutic-intensity anticoagulation did not show any benefits in reducing the occurrence of VTE. An increase in mortality and in the incidence of hemorrhagic events was statistically significant in the therapeutic-intensity group. Future prospective studies are warranted to evaluate anticoagulation therapy in COVID-19 infected patients.

Functional, Antioxidant, and Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Cricket Protein Concentrate (Gryllus assimilis).

Edible insects can represent an alternative to obtain high-quality proteins with positive biological properties for human consumption. Cricket flour (Gryllus assimilis) was used to obtain cricket protein concentrate (CPC) using pHs (10.0 and 12.0) of extraction and pHs (3.0, 4.0, 5.0, and 6.0) of isoelectric precipitation (pI). Protein content, water and oil absorption capacity, protein solubility, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities were determined. In addition, the protein profile was characterized by electrophoresis and the in vitro CPC digestibility was evaluated. Cricket flour presented 45.75% of protein content and CPC 12-5.0 presented a value of 71.16% protein content using the Dumas method. All samples were more soluble at pH 9.0 and 12.0. CPC 12-3.0 presented a percentage of water-binding capacity (WBC) of 41.25%. CPC 12-6.0 presented a percentage of oil-binding capacity (OBC) of 72.93%. All samples presented a high antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. CPC 12-4.0 presented a value FRAP of 70,034 umol trolox equivalents (TE)/g CPC, CPC 12-6.0 presented a value ABTS of 124,300 umol TE/g CPC and CPC 10-3.0 presented a DPPH value of 68,009 umol TE/g CPC. CPC 10-6.0 and CPC 12-6.0 presented high anti-inflammatory activity, with values of 93.55% and 93.15% of protection, respectively. CPCs can be used as functional ingredients in the food industry for their excellent functional and biological properties.

Optimizing Post-Acute Care Patient Safety: A Scoping Review of Multifactorial Fall Prevention Interventions for Older Adults.

Accidental falls are preventable adverse events for older post-acute care (PAC) patients. Yet, due to the functional and medical care needs of this population, there is little guidance to inform multidisciplinary prevention efforts. This scoping review aims to characterize the evidence for multifactorial PAC fall prevention interventions. Of the 33 included studies, common PAC intervention domains included implementing facility-based strategies (e.g., staff education), evaluating patient-specific fall risk factors (e.g., function), and developing an individualized risk profile and treatment plan that targets the patient's constellation of fall risk factors. However, there was variability across studies in how and to what extent the domains were addressed. While further research is warranted, health system efforts to prevent accidental falls in PAC should consider a patient-centered multifactorial approach that fosters a culture of safety, addresses individuals' fall risk, and champions a multidisciplinary team.

Operationalizing Stakeholder Engagement Through the Stakeholder-Centric Engagement Charter (SCEC).

There is a need for clear strategies and procedures to operationalize stakeholder engagement in research studies. Clear guidelines that promote shared leadership among study investigators and research stakeholders are important for inclusive and sustainable partnerships. Such guidelines may take the form of a governance charter and can be a means for encouraging the participation and inclusion of stakeholders who may have little to no experience with research or are otherwise underrepresented in research. This perspective article presents the Stakeholder-Centric Engagement Charter (SCEC), one effort to operationalize a stakeholder engagement approach between researchers and an advisory committee as guided by the Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute's (PCORI) Research Engagement Principles (i.e., reciprocal relationships, partnerships, co-learning, transparency-honesty-trust). Building on the SCEC can help future investigators develop a study-specific, dynamic, governance document outlining advisory committee and research team preferences in areas such as role expectations, study governance, and decision-making procedures.

In-kitchen aerosol exposure in twelve cities across the globe.

Poor ventilation and polluting cooking fuels in low-income homes cause high exposure, yet relevant global studies are limited. We assessed exposure to in-kitchen particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10) employing similar instrumentation in 60 low-income homes across 12 cities: Dhaka (Bangladesh); Chennai (India); Nanjing (China); Medellín (Colombia); São Paulo (Brazil); Cairo (Egypt); Sulaymaniyah (Iraq); Addis Ababa (Ethiopia); Akure (Nigeria); Blantyre (Malawi); Dar-es-Salaam (Tanzania) and Nairobi (Kenya). Exposure profiles of kitchen occupants showed that fuel, kitchen volume, cooking type and ventilation were the most prominent factors affecting in-kitchen exposure. Different cuisines resulted in varying cooking durations and disproportional exposures. Occupants in Dhaka, Nanjing, Dar-es-Salaam and Nairobi spent > 40% of their cooking time frying (the highest particle emitting cooking activity) compared with âˆ¼ 68% of time spent boiling/stewing in Cairo, Sulaymaniyah and Akure. The highest average PM2.5 (PM10) concentrations were in Dhaka 185 ± 48 (220 ± 58) µg m-3 owing to small kitchen volume, extensive frying and prolonged cooking compared with the lowest in Medellín 10 ± 3 (14 ± 2) µg m-3. Dual ventilation (mechanical and natural) in Chennai, Cairo and Sulaymaniyah reduced average in-kitchen PM2.5 and PM10 by 2.3- and 1.8-times compared with natural ventilation (open doors) in Addis Ababa, Dar-es-Salam and Nairobi. Using charcoal during cooking (Addis Ababa, Blantyre and Nairobi) increased PM2.5 levels by 1.3- and 3.1-times compared with using natural gas (Nanjing, Medellin and Cairo) and LPG (Chennai, Sao Paulo and Sulaymaniyah), respectively. Smaller-volume kitchens (<15 m3; Dhaka and Nanjing) increased cooking exposure compared with their larger-volume counterparts (Medellin, Cairo and Sulaymaniyah). Potential exposure doses were highest for Asian, followed by African, Middle-eastern and South American homes. We recommend increased cooking exhaust extraction, cleaner fuels, awareness on improved cooking practices and minimising passive occupancy in kitchens to mitigate harmful cooking emissions.

Surgical Wound Complications after Colorectal Surgery with Single-Use Negative-Pressure Wound Therapy Versus Surgical Dressing over Closed Incisions: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

BACKGROUND: Global studies indicate that surgical site infections (SSIs) are a major healthcare challenge within hospitals and can have a profound impact on patient quality of life and healthcare costs. Closed-incision negative-pressure therapy (ciNPT) has been reported to provide positive clinical benefits for patients with various incisions, including those following colorectal surgeries. METHODS: Investigators performed a prospective, randomized, multicenter trial to evaluate complications of surgical incisions in patients who received a ciNPT dressing versus a conventional surgical dressing (control) over their closed incision following colorectal surgery. The incidence of SSI was determined at 7, 15, and 30 days postsurgery. RESULTS: A total of 148 patients participated in the study. Results showed that the SSI rate on day 7 was lower in the ciNPT group versus the control group (10/75 [13.3%] vs 17/73 [23.3%]), but this difference was not statistically significant. On day 15, the SSI rate was 12/75 (16.0%) in the ciNPT group versus 21/73 (28.8%) in the control group; however, this difference was only marginally statistically significant (P = .0621). At 1 month, the SSI rate remained lower in the ciNPT group (13/75 [17.3%] vs 21/73 [28.8%], P = .0983) compared with the control group. CONCLUSIONS: Future studies with larger population sizes are necessary to determine the impact of ciNPT on patients' incisions after colorectal surgery.

Evaluating Stakeholder Engagement: Stakeholder-Centric Instrumentation Process (SCIP).

Evaluating engagement in a research partnership can capture the success and impact of the research team-stakeholder partnerships. This article describes the Stakeholder-Centric Instrumentation Process (SCIP), an iterative method to develop an evaluation that reflects research team-stakeholder collective values, language, and priorities. We describe our implementation of the SCIP and provide the Stakeholder-Centric Engagement Evaluation, an evaluation developed in collaboration with our advisory committee. Mean scores across three administrations of the tool remained constant. We monitored responses received from our advisory committee during each administration for changes in scores that guided refinements to our stakeholder engagement strategy. Face validity and acceptability questions showed high satisfaction for the tool's time required to complete, (M = 4.50, SD = 0.86), clarity (M = 4.56, SD = 0.78), and relevance (M = 4.67, SD = 0.49) (maximum score = 5). The SCIP methodology and the Stakeholder-Centric Engagement Tool can be used during study planning and data collection to capture research team-stakeholder collaborations that reflect stakeholder priorities.

Resistencia antimicrobiana y factores de virulencia en aislados de Vibrio cholerae O1. Cuba, 2012-2015 / Antimicrobial resistance and virulence factors in Vibrio cholerae O1 isolates. Cuba, 2012-2015

Introducción: El cólera es una infección intestinal aguda causada por cepas toxigénicas de Vibrio choleare. La rápida diseminación y emergencia de la multirresistencia que caracteriza a este patógeno, podría interferir en el éxito de la terapia antimicrobiana, por lo que constituye una prioridad monitorear los cambios en los patrones de susceptibilidad, como parte trascendental de la política de control de la resistencia antimicrobiana. Objetivo: Determinar el comportamiento de la resistencia antimicrobiana frente a los antimicrobianos de interés empleados en el tratamiento, la presencia de factores de virulencia enzimáticos y si existe relación entre ambos. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal durante julio de 2012 a diciembre de 2015. Se estudiaron 500 aislamientos pertenecientes al cepario del Laboratorio Nacional de Referencia de Enfermedades Diarreicas Agudas del Instituto de Medicina Tropical Pedro Kourí, procedentes de brotes de enfermedades diarreicas agudas de la red nacional de laboratorios de Microbiología de Cuba. Se aplicaron métodos convencionales fenotípicos para determinar el comportamiento de la resistencia antimicrobiana, la presencia de factores enzimáticos y la relación de estos con la resistencia antimicrobiana. Resultados: Los mayores porcentajes de sensibilidad se obtuvieron frente a azitromicina (98 por ciento), doxiciclina (96 por ciento) y ciprofloxacina (93 por ciento) y de resistencia frente a ampicilina (100 por ciento) y trimetoprim-sulfametoxazol (99,4 por ciento). Se encontraron 44 aislados (8,8 por ciento) multirresistente. Todos los aislamientos poseían al menos dos enzimas extracelulares como factores de virulencia, las más frecuentes: gelatinasa (96 por ciento) y lecitinasa (95 por ciento). Conclusiones: Se evidencia una relación directa y proporcional entre la presencia de los factores de virulencia y resistencia antimicrobiana, sinergismo que surgiere mayor patogenicidad de los aislados estudiados procedentes de brotes epidémicos(AU)

Introduction: Cholera is an acute intestinal infection caused by toxigenic strains of Vibrio choleare. The rapid dissemination and emergence of the multiresistance that characterizes this pathogen could interfere with the success of antimicrobial therapy, so it is a priority to monitor changes in susceptibility patterns, as a transcendental part of the resistance control policy antimicrobial. Objective: To determine the behavior of antimicrobial resistance against the antimicrobials of interest used in the treatment, the presence of enzymatic virulence factors and whether there is a relationship between them. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted during July 2012 to December 2015. Where 500 isolates belonging to the cepary of the National Reference Laboratory for Acute Diarrheal Diseases of the Institute of Tropical Medicine Pedro Kourí, from outbreaks of EDA of the national network of Microbiology laboratories in Cuba. Conventional phenotypic methods were applied to determine the behavior of antimicrobial resistance, the presence of enzymatic factors and their relationship with antimicrobial resistance. Results: The highest percentages of sensitivity were obtained against azithromycin (98 percent), doxycycline (96 percent) and ciprofloxacin (93 percent) and resistance to ampicillin (100 percent) and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (99.4 percent). 44 isolated (8.8 percent) multi-resistant were found. All isolates had at least two extracellular enzymes as virulence factors, the most frequent: gelatinase (96 percent) and lecithinase (95 percent). Conclusions: There is a direct and proportional relationship between the presence of virulence factors and antimicrobial resistance, synergism that arises greater pathogenicity of the isolates studied from epidemic outbreaks(AU)

Multicentre cohort study of acute cholecystitis management during the COVID-19 pandemic.

PURPOSE: To analyse acute cholecystitis (AC) management during the first pandemic outbreak after the recommendations given by the surgical societies estimating: morbidity, length of hospital stay, mortality and hospital-acquired SARS-CoV-2 infection rate. METHODS: Multicentre-combined (retrospective-prospective) cohort study with AC patients in the Community of Madrid between 1st March and 30th May 2020. 257 AC patients were involved in 16 public hospital. Multivariant binomial logistic regression (MBLR) was applied to mortality. RESULTS: Of COVID-19 patients, 30 were diagnosed at admission and 12 patients were diagnosed during de admission or 30 days after discharge. In non-COVID-19 patients, antibiotic therapy was received in 61.3% of grade I AC and 40.6% of grade II AC. 52.4% of grade III AC were treated with percutaneous drainage (PD). Median hospital stay was 5 [3-8] days, which was higher in the non-surgical treatment group with 7.51 days (p < 0.001) and a 3.25% of mortality rate (p < 0.21). 93.3% of patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection at admission were treated with non-surgical treatment (p = 0.03), median hospital stay was 11.0 [7.5-27.5] days (p < 0.001) with a 7.5% of mortality rate (p > 0.05). In patients with hospital-acquired SARS-CoV-2 infection, 91.7% of grade I-II AC were treated with non-surgical treatment (p = 0.037), with a median hospital stay of 16 [4-21] days and a 18.2% mortality rate (p > 0.05). Hospital-acquired infection risk when hospital stay is > 7 days is OR 4.7, CI 95% (1.3-16.6), p = 0.009. COVID-19 mortality rate was 11.9%, AC severity adjusted OR 5.64 (CI 95% 1.417-22.64). In MBLR analysis, age (OR 1.15, CI 95% 1.02-1.31), SARS-CoV-2 infection (OR 14.49, CI 95% 1.33-157.81), conservative treatment failure (OR 8.2, CI 95% 1.34-50.49) and AC severity were associated with an increased odd of mortality. CONCLUSION: In our population, during COVID-19 pandemic, there was an increase of non-surgical treatment which was accompanied by an increase of conservative treatment failure, morbidity and hospital stay length which may have led to an increased risk hospital-acquired SARS-CoV-2 infection. Age, SARS-CoV-2 infection, AC severity and conservative treatment failure were mortality risk factors.

Long-Term Follow-Up of a Lifestyle Intervention for Late-Midlife, Rural-Dwelling Latinos in Primary Care.

IMPORTANCE: Rural-dwelling Latinos are an underresourced population in need of accessible and effective wellness programs. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate patients' long-term health-related outcomes after lifestyle intervention. DESIGN: An uncontrolled pilot trial assessing change in health from pretreatment to long-term follow-up (12 mo after intervention completion, no contact) and from posttreatment to long-term follow-up. SETTING: Rural, community-based primary care. PARTICIPANTS: Latino and Hispanic safety-net primary care patients, ages 50 to 64 yr. INTERVENTION: A culturally tailored, 4-mo lifestyle intervention co-led by occupational therapy practitioners and Latino community health workers that features telehealth and in-home sessions covering topics such as healthy eating and navigating health care. OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Self-reported and physiological outcomes: symptom-well-being (primary), stress, sleep disturbance, social satisfaction, physical activity, patient activation, blood pressure, and weight. Exit interviews addressed health experiences and intervention impact on participants' lives. RESULTS: Participants (N = 27) demonstrated clinically significant pretreatment to long-term follow-up benefits in all symptom-well-being dimensions (Cohen's d ≥ 0.8, p ≤ .004), with additional gains from posttreatment to long-term follow-up (d ≥ 0.4, p ≤ .05). Significant improvements from pre- to posttreatment in systolic blood pressure, stress, and social role and activity satisfaction were maintained at long-term follow-up. No changes were observed in weight, physical activity, or diastolic blood pressure. Participants described the intervention's sustained positive effect on their wellness. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: A lifestyle intervention led by occupational therapy practitioners and community health workers in a primary care context has potential to achieve long-term health benefits in rural-dwelling, late-midlife Latinos. WHAT THIS ARTICLE ADDS: This study reveals that rural, late-midlife Latinos showed long-lasting improvements in psychological and physical health after finishing a program that helped them make healthy lifestyle choices. This finding supports the unique contribution of occupational therapy in primary care settings.

In-car particulate matter exposure across ten global cities.

Cars are a commuting lifeline worldwide, despite contributing significantly to air pollution. This is the first global assessment on air pollution exposure in cars across ten cities: Dhaka (Bangladesh); Chennai (India); Guangzhou (China); Medellín (Colombia); São Paulo (Brazil); Cairo (Egypt); Sulaymaniyah (Iraq); Addis Ababa (Ethiopia); Blantyre (Malawi); and Dar-es-Salaam (Tanzania). Portable laser particle counters were used to develop a proxy of car-user exposure profiles and analyse the factors affecting particulate matter ≤2.5 µm (PM2.5; fine fraction) and ≤10 µm (PM2.5-10; coarse fraction). Measurements were carried out during morning, off- and evening-peak hours under windows-open and windows-closed (fan-on and recirculation) conditions on predefined routes. For all cities, PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations were highest during windows-open, followed by fan-on and recirculation. Compared with recirculation, PM2.5 and PM10 were higher by up to 589% (Blantyre) and 1020% (São Paulo), during windows-open and higher by up to 385% (São Paulo) and 390% (São Paulo) during fan-on, respectively. Coarse particles dominated the PM fraction during windows-open while fine particles dominated during fan-on and recirculation, indicating filter effectiveness in removing coarse particles and a need for filters that limit the ingress of fine particles. Spatial variation analysis during windows-open showed that pollution hotspots make up to a third of the total route-length. PM2.5 exposure for windows-open during off-peak hours was 91% and 40% less than morning and evening peak hours, respectively. Across cities, determinants of relatively high personal exposure doses included lower car speeds, temporally longer journeys, and higher in-car concentrations. It was also concluded that car-users in the least affluent cities experienced disproportionately higher in-car PM2.5 exposures. Cities were classified into three groups according to low, intermediate and high levels of PM exposure to car commuters, allowing to draw similarities and highlight best practices.